{"id":1639,"date":"2025-05-04T11:00:47","date_gmt":"2025-05-04T11:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/?p=1639"},"modified":"2025-05-04T19:00:14","modified_gmt":"2025-05-04T19:00:14","slug":"eoq-economic-order-quantity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/?p=1639","title":{"rendered":"EOQ (Economic Order Quantity)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1639\" class=\"elementor elementor-1639\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-328ccba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"328ccba\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10a65f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10a65f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<script src=\"https:\/\/kit.fontawesome.com\/a076d05399.js\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\n<style>\n.sub {vertical-align: sub; font-size: smaller;}\n.sup {vertical-align: sup; font-size: small;}\n.voltar {text-align: right;}\n.padleft{padding-left: 15px;}\n.wing01 {margin-top: 0.00px; margin-botton: 0.00px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 20px; color: #ff0000; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #000000}\n.wing02 {margin-top: 0.00px; margin-botton: 0.00px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 20px; color: #33cc33; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #000000}\n.wing03 {margin-top: 0.00px; margin-botton: 0.00px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 20px; color: #0000ff; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #0000ff}\n.wing04 {margin-top: 0.00px; margin-botton: 0.00px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 20px; color: #cc6600; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #cc6600}\n.wing05 {margin-top: 0.00px; margin-botton: 0.00px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 20px; color: #990099; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #000000}\n.MsoNormal {margin-botton: 0px; Margin-top: 25px; padding-left: 15px;}\n.MsoNormal1 {margin-botton: 0px; Margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 10px;}\n.MsoNormal2 {margin-botton: 25px; Margin-top: 25px; padding-left: 0px}\n.azul1 {color: #0000ff;}\n.azul2 {color: #3333cc;}\n.azul3 {color: #000099;}\n.azul4 {color: #001f3f;}\n.azul5 {color: #00F;}\n.verde1 {color: #006600;}\n.verde2 {color: #009999;}\n.verde3 {color: #33cc33;}\n.verde4 {color: #00ee00;}\n.verde5 {color: #cccc00;}\n.vermelho {color: #ff0000;}\n.preto {color: #000000;}\n.laranja {color: #f8981d;}\n.cinza {color: #999999;}\n.castanho1 {color: #663300;}\n.castanho2 {color: #996600;}\n.castanho3 {color: #cc6600;}\n.roxo {color: #990099;}\n.table, td {border: 1px solid black; border-collapse: collapse;}\n.table2, td {border: 0px ; border-collapse: collapse;}\n.sobrelinhado {position: relative; display: inline-block;}\n.sobrelinhado::before {content: \"\"; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 1px; background-color: black; transform: translateY(-100%);}\n<\/style>\n\n<h4 id=\"indice\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong><span class=\"azul4\">\u00cdndice<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>1. <a id=\"101\"><\/a><a href=\"#sec101\"><span class=\"azul2\"><u>Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/ul>\n<ul>2. <a id=\"102\"><\/a><a href=\"#sec102\"><span class=\"azul2\"><u>Origem e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/ul>\n<ul>3. <a id=\"103\"><\/a><a href=\"#sec103\"><span class=\"azul2\"><u>Objetivo do Modelo<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/ul>\n<ul>4. <a id=\"104\"><\/a><a href=\"#sec104\"><span class=\"azul2\"><u>C\u00e1lculo da EOQ<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/ul>\n<ul>5. <a id=\"105\"><\/a><a href=\"#sec105\"><span class=\"azul2\"><u>Dificuldades de C\u00e1lculo da EOQ nas PME Industriais<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/ul>\n<ul>6. <a id=\"106\"><\/a><a href=\"#sec106\"><span class=\"azul2\"><u>Observa\u00e7\u00f5es Importantes<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/ul>\n<ul>7. <a id=\"107\"><\/a><a href=\"#sec107\"><span class=\"azul2\"><u>O Servi\u00e7o de Compras no Contexto da EOQ<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/ul>\n<ul>8. <a id=\"108\"><\/a><a href=\"#sec108\"><span class=\"azul2\"><u>Quantidade Cr\u00edtica<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/ul>\n<ul>9. <a id=\"109\"><\/a><a href=\"#sec109\"><span class=\"azul2\"><u>Exemplo Pr\u00e1tico Detalhado<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/ul>\n<ul>10. <a id=\"110\"><\/a><a href=\"#sec110\"><span class=\"azul2\"><u>A Gest\u00e3o de Compras &#8211; Pilar da Efici\u00eancia Operacional<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/ul>\n\n<h3 id=\"sec101\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"laranja\">1. Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>A gest\u00e3o eficiente de invent\u00e1rio \u00e9 um dos grandes desafios das PME industriais transformadoras. Embora ferramentas como a <strong><span class=\"azul1\">Quantidade Econ\u00f3mica de Encomenda (EOQ)<\/span><\/strong> sejam amplamente estudadas em teoria, a sua aplica\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica continua a ser negligenciada ou mal compreendida por muitos gestores. O impacto dessa falha reflete-se em custos desnecess\u00e1rios, desperd\u00edcio de recursos e, mais preocupante, na ocorr\u00eancia de ruturas de stock que comprometem a produ\u00e7\u00e3o e a satisfa\u00e7\u00e3o do cliente.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>Neste artigo, exploramos de forma detalhada e aplicada como as PME podem calcular corretamente os par\u00e2metros essenciais para a gest\u00e3o de invent\u00e1rio, nomeadamente:<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde2\">Procura Anual (D)<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Como determinar com precis\u00e3o a necessidade real de cada artigo.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde2\">Custo por Encomenda (S)<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>A import\u00e2ncia de considerar todos os custos envolvidos no processo de compra.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde2\">Custo de Posse (H)<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Os fatores que afetam o custo de armazenagem e estrat\u00e9gias para minimiz\u00e1-lo.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde2\">EOQ na pr\u00e1tica<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Como utilizar esta metodologia para encontrar o equil\u00edbrio ideal entre compras frequentes e custos de stock.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde2\">Quantidade Cr\u00edtica <\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Como evitar ruturas de stock atrav\u00e9s de uma monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o precisa e uma a\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e1gil do servi\u00e7o de compras.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>Al\u00e9m de detalharmos os c\u00e1lculos fundamentais, abordamos os <strong><span class=\"preto\">desafios enfrentados pelas PME na aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da<\/span><\/strong> <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong>, desde a falta de dados fi\u00e1veis at\u00e9 \u00e0 resist\u00eancia \u00e0 mudan\u00e7a nas pr\u00e1ticas de compras. <strong><span class=\"preto\">Propomos solu\u00e7\u00f5es concretas, alinhadas com a realidade das PME industriais<\/span><\/strong>, que permitem n\u00e3o s\u00f3 a redu\u00e7\u00e3o de custos, mas tamb\u00e9m a <strong><span class=\"preto\">melhoria do fluxo operacional<\/span><\/strong> e do <strong><span class=\"preto\">desempenho da produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>Por fim, apresentamos <strong><span class=\"preto\">um caso pr\u00e1tico detalhado<\/span><\/strong>, demonstrando como <strong><span class=\"preto\">um servi\u00e7o de compras pode atuar proactivamente<\/span><\/strong> para evitar ruturas de stock, utilizando c\u00e1lculos reais e ajustados \u00e0s necessidades da empresa.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>Este artigo destina-se a <strong><span class=\"preto\">gestores de produ\u00e7\u00e3o, respons\u00e1veis de compras, diretores industriais e todos os profissionais envolvidos na gest\u00e3o de invent\u00e1rio e aprovisionamento<\/span><\/strong>. O seu objetivo \u00e9 fornecer um guia claro e aplic\u00e1vel que transforme a gest\u00e3o de compras de um fator de risco para um <strong><span class=\"preto\">elemento estrat\u00e9gico de competitividade e efici\u00eancia operacional<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul>\n<p class=\"voltar\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#101\"><span class=\"azul1\"><u>Voltar<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"sec102\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"laranja\">2. Origem e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>A <span class=\"azul1\"><b>Quantidade Econ\u00f3mica de Encomenda &#8211; EOQ<\/b> (Economic Order Quantity)<\/span> tem a sua origem nos estudos sobre gest\u00e3o de invent\u00e1rio e otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o de custos log\u00edsticos, remontando ao <strong><span class=\"preto\">in\u00edcio do s\u00e9culo XX<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>O modelo <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> foi formalmente desenvolvido por <strong><span class=\"preto\">Ford Whitman Harris<\/span><\/strong>, um engenheiro norte-americano, em <strong><span class=\"preto\">1913<\/span><\/strong>. O seu trabalho foi publicado no artigo &#8220;How Many Parts to Make at Once&#8221;, onde apresentou um m\u00e9todo matem\u00e1tico para determinar o tamanho \u00f3timo de encomenda de pe\u00e7as ou mat\u00e9rias-primas.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Apesar da sua formula\u00e7\u00e3o inicial, o modelo s\u00f3 ganhou popularidade quando <strong><span class=\"preto\">R. H. Wilson<\/span><\/strong> o aplicou e desenvolveu amplamente para uso empresarial. Por esse motivo, o <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> \u00e9 muitas vezes referido como o <strong><span class=\"preto\">Modelo de Wilson<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>O modelo <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> foi posteriormente adaptado para incluir varia\u00e7\u00f5es como:<\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"azul3\">EOQ com descontos por quantidade<\/span><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"azul3\">EOQ com reposi\u00e7\u00e3o gradual (produ\u00e7\u00e3o cont\u00ednua)<\/span><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"azul3\">EOQ com varia\u00e7\u00e3o da procura<\/span><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>Embora o modelo b\u00e1sico tenha limita\u00e7\u00f5es, continua a ser amplamente utilizado como ferramenta de <strong><span class=\"preto\">gest\u00e3o de invent\u00e1rio e log\u00edstica<\/span><\/strong>, sendo aplicado em <strong><span class=\"preto\">ERP<\/span><\/strong>, <strong><span class=\"preto\">SCM<\/span><\/strong> e <strong><span class=\"preto\">sistemas de planeamento de produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>A <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> \u00e9 um exemplo cl\u00e1ssico de como a matem\u00e1tica aplicada pode otimizar processos industriais e log\u00edsticos, reduzindo custos e melhorando a efici\u00eancia operacional.<\/ul>\n<p class=\"voltar\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#102\"><span class=\"azul1\"><u>Voltar<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"sec103\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"laranja\">3. Objetivo do Modelo<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"verde1\">O modelo <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> procura minimizar o <b>custo total de gest\u00e3o de invent\u00e1rio<\/b>, que inclui:<\/span><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde2\">Custos de encomenda <\/span><\/strong>(custos administrativos e log\u00edsticos por cada pedido).<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde2\">Custos de posse de invent\u00e1rio <\/span><\/strong>(armazenagem, obsolesc\u00eancia, custo de capital imobilizado).<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"verde1\">O equil\u00edbrio entre estes dois custos permite encontrar um <b>ponto \u00f3timo<\/b> de reabastecimento que minimiza o custo total de aprovisionamento.<\/span><\/ul>\n<p class=\"voltar\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#103\"><span class=\"azul1\"><u>Voltar<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"sec104\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"laranja\">4. C\u00e1lculo da EOQ<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>O modelo base da <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> assume um consumo constante e imediato dos produtos, sem ruturas de stock nem descontos por quantidade. <\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"azul3\">4.1. Determina\u00e7\u00e3o dos Par\u00e2metros \u2013 D S H<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n<h5 class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"castanho2\">C\u00e1lculo do Consumo Anual &#8211; D<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">C\u00e1lculo Direto a partir de Vendas Hist\u00f3ricas<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Com base nos dados hist\u00f3ricos de vendas, obt\u00e9m-se o valor <strong><span class=\"castanho2\">D<\/span><\/strong> somando as vendas do produto ao longo do \u00faltimo ano.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">F\u00f3rmula:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table2\">\n  <tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><div style=\"margin-left: 0 px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/EOQ_01.png\" width=\"77\" height=\"50\" \/><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul>Onde:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">D<\/span><\/strong> = Procura Anual<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">V<sub>i<\/sub><\/span><\/strong> = Quantidade vendida no m\u00eas i<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Exemplo 1:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">Loja de Componentes Eletr\u00f3nicos<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Uma loja vende um tipo espec\u00edfico de condensador. As vendas dos \u00faltimos 12 meses foram:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n  <tr>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" height=\"40\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#0000FF\"><strong><font color=\"white\" size=\"4\">M\u00eas<\/font><\/strong><\/td>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#0000FF\"><strong><font color=\"white\" size=\"4\">Quantidade Vendida<\/font><\/strong><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">Janeiro<\/font><\/td>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">120<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">Fevereiro<\/font><\/td>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">100<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">Mar\u00e7o<\/font><\/td>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">130<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">Abril<\/font><\/td>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">140<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">Maio<\/font><\/td>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">125<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">Junho<\/font><\/td>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">110<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">Julho<\/font><\/td>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">135<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">Agosto<\/font><\/td>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">145<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">Setembro<\/font><\/td>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">120<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">Outubro<\/font><\/td>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">150<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">Novembro<\/font><\/td>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">155<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">Dezembro<\/font><\/td>\n    <td style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#000;border-width:1px\" width=\"50%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#87CEEB\"><font color=\"black\">160<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<br class=\"\">\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\">D = 120 + 100 + 130 + 140 + 125 + 110 + 135 + 145 + 120 + 150 + 155 + 160 = 1.570<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>A procura anual <strong><span class=\"preto\">D = 1.570 unidades<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">C\u00e1lculo Baseado na Procura M\u00e9dia Mensal<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>A partir dos dados de vendas m\u00e9dias por m\u00eas, pode estimar-se a procura anual multiplicando pela quantidade de meses no ano.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">F\u00f3rmula:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"27\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table2\">\n  <tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><div style=\"margin-left: 0 px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/EOQ_02.png\" width=\"105\" height=\"17\" \/><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul>Onde:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">V<sub>m<\/sub><\/span><\/strong> = M\u00e9dia de vendas mensais<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Exemplo 2:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">Distribuidor de Equipamentos Industriais<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Um distribuidor vende em <strong><span class=\"preto\">m\u00e9dia 250 unidades por m\u00eas<\/span><\/strong> de um motor el\u00e9trico.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\">D = 250 \u00d7 12 = 3.000<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>A procura anual estimada \u00e9 <strong><span class=\"preto\">D = 3.000 unidades<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">C\u00e1lculo por Tend\u00eancias de Crescimento<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Se a empresa est\u00e1 em crescimento ou tem sazonalidade, a procura anual pode ser ajustada para refletir essa tend\u00eancia.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">F\u00f3rmula:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"27\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table2\">\n  <tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><div style=\"margin-left: 0 px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/EOQ_10.png\" width=\"201\" height=\"17\" ><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul>Onde:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">G<\/span><\/strong> = Taxa de crescimento esperada (em decimal)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Exemplo 3:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">F\u00e1brica de Embalagens<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>A f\u00e1brica vendeu <strong><span class=\"preto\">20.000 unidades no ano passado <\/span><\/strong>e prev\u00ea um crescimento de <strong><span class=\"preto\">5%<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\">D = 20.000 \u00d7 (1 + 0.05) = 21.000<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>A procura anual ajustada \u00e9 <strong><span class=\"preto\">D = 21.000 unidades<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">C\u00e1lculo para Produtos Novos<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Se o produto ainda n\u00e3o tem hist\u00f3rico, a estimativa de <strong><span class=\"preto\">D<\/span><\/strong> pode basear-se em <strong><span class=\"preto\">estudos de mercado<\/span><\/strong> ou no volume de pedidos dos clientes.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Exemplo 4:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">Novo Produto no Mercado<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Uma empresa vai lan\u00e7ar um novo detergente e estima, com base em pesquisas, que cada cliente comprar\u00e1 <strong><span class=\"preto\">30 unidades por ano<\/span><\/strong>e ter\u00e1 <strong><span class=\"preto\">500 clientes.<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\">D = 30 \u00d7 500 = 15.000<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>A procura anual estimada \u00e9 <strong><span class=\"preto\">D = 15.000 unidades<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Ajuste para Produtos com Ciclo de Vida Curto<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Para produtos sazonais ou com ciclo de vida curto (ex.: moda, tecnologia), pode estimar-se <strong><span class=\"preto\">D<\/span><\/strong> a partir de campanhas de lan\u00e7amento e hist\u00f3rico de produtos semelhantes.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Exemplo 5:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">Produto Sazonal (\u00d3culos de Sol)<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Uma \u00f3tica vendeu <strong><span class=\"preto\">35.000 unidades no ver\u00e3o passado <\/span><\/strong>e prev\u00ea um aumento de <strong><span class=\"preto\">10%<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\">D = 5.000 \u00d7 1.10 = 5.500<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>A procura anual esperada \u00e9 <strong><span class=\"preto\">D = 5.500 unidades<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Conclus\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>O m\u00e9todo a utilizar depende do tipo de produto e da disponibilidade de dados. Se houver hist\u00f3rico de vendas, a soma dos valores anuais \u00e9 a abordagem mais precisa. Para novos produtos ou mercados em crescimento, devem ser consideradas tend\u00eancias e estimativas.<\/ul><\/ul>\n\n<h5 class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"castanho2\">C\u00e1lculo do Custo por Encomenda (Setup Cost) &#8211; S<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>O Custo por Encomenda (S) representa os <strong><span class=\"preto\">custos fixos incorridos sempre que uma nova encomenda \u00e9 feita, independentemente da quantidade adquirida<\/span><\/strong>. Este custo pode incluir despesas administrativas, tempo gasto no processamento, custos de transporte fixos, e outros custos indiretos.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde2\">Componentes do Custo por Encomenda (S)<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Os principais elementos que comp\u00f5em o custo por encomenda incluem:<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Custos Administrativos<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul>Tempo e esfor\u00e7o gasto por funcion\u00e1rios para processar a encomenda, incluindo:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"preto\">Emiss\u00e3o e aprova\u00e7\u00e3o da ordem de compra<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"preto\">Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o com fornecedores<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"preto\">Entrada de dados no sistema ERP<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"preto\">Registo e reconcilia\u00e7\u00e3o de faturas<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Custos de Rece\u00e7\u00e3o e Inspe\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"preto\">Tempo gasto no recebimento dos produtos<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"preto\">Confer\u00eancia de quantidades e verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de qualidade<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"preto\">Armazenamento e organiza\u00e7\u00e3o no armaz\u00e9m<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Custos Fixos de Transporte:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"preto\">Custos de envio que n\u00e3o dependem da quantidade encomendada (ex.: taxa m\u00ednima de transporte)<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Custos de Configura\u00e7\u00e3o Interna (Setup Cost):<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"preto\">Se a encomenda estiver associada a um processo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o interna, pode incluir o custo de prepara\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e1quinas, ajustes de par\u00e2metros e tempo de inatividade.<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde2\">F\u00f3rmula Geral para o C\u00e1lculo de S<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">F\u00f3rmula gen\u00e9rica para calcular o custo por encomenda<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"27\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table2\">\n  <tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><div style=\"margin-left: 0 px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/EOQ_11.png\" width=\"209\" height=\"17\" ><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul>Onde:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">C<sub>A<\/sub> = Custo administrativo por encomenda <\/span><\/strong>(processamento, aprova\u00e7\u00e3o, entrada no sistema)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">C<sub>R<\/sub> = Custo de rece\u00e7\u00e3o e inspe\u00e7\u00e3o <\/span><\/strong>(tempo e m\u00e3o de obra)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">C<sub>T<\/sub> = Custo fixo de transporte <\/span><\/strong>(custo m\u00ednimo de envio)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">C<sub>S<\/sub> = Custo de setup interno <\/span><\/strong>(prepara\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e1quinas, ajustes)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"roxo\">Exemplos Pr\u00e1ticos<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Exemplo 1 \u2013 Empresa de Fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de Pe\u00e7as Met\u00e1licas de Precis\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul>Faz encomendas regulares de um componente espec\u00edfico. Os custos m\u00e9dios por encomenda s\u00e3o:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul5\">C<sub>A<\/sub> <\/span><\/strong>= 25 \u20ac (tempo de processamento da ordem)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul5\">C<sub>R<\/sub> <\/span><\/strong>= 15 \u20ac (rece\u00e7\u00e3o e inspe\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul5\">C<sub>T<\/sub> <\/span><\/strong>= 20 \u20ac (custo fixo de transporte)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul5\">C<sub>S<\/sub> <\/span><\/strong>= 40 \u20ac (ajuste de m\u00e1quinas)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" >S = 25 + 15 + 20 + 40 = 100<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">O Custo por Encomenda \u00e9 100 \u20ac<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Exemplo 2 \u2013 Empresa de Retalho<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul>Uma loja de artigos eletr\u00f3nicos encomenda mensalmente smartphones de um fornecedor. Os custos envolvidos s\u00e3o:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul5\">C<sub>A<\/sub> <\/span><\/strong>= 10 \u20ac (custo administrativo)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul5\">C<sub>R<\/sub> <\/span><\/strong>= 8 \u20ac (tempo gasto no armaz\u00e9m para confer\u00eancia)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul5\">C<sub>T<\/sub> <\/span><\/strong>= 25 \u20ac (taxa m\u00ednima de envio)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul5\">C<sub>S<\/sub> <\/span><\/strong>= 0 (n\u00e3o h\u00e1 custo de setup interno)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" >S = 10 + 8 + 25 + 0 = 43<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">O Custo por Encomenda \u00e9 de 43 \u20ac<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Exemplo 3 \u2013 Ind\u00fastria Metalomec\u00e2nica<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul>Uma empresa metalomec\u00e2nica encomenda chapas de a\u00e7o para fabricar reservat\u00f3rios. Cada encomenda gera os seguintes custos:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul5\">C<sub>A<\/sub> <\/span><\/strong>= 30 \u20ac (processo de aprova\u00e7\u00e3o da ordem de compra)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul5\">C<sub>R<\/sub> <\/span><\/strong>= 20 \u20ac (tempo para confer\u00eancia e inspe\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul5\">C<sub>T<\/sub> <\/span><\/strong>= 50 \u20ac (frete fixo)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul5\">C<sub>S<\/sub> <\/span><\/strong>= 100 \u20ac (ajuste das prensas e trocas de ferramentas)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" >S = 30 + 20 + 50 + 100 = 200<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">O Custo por Encomenda \u00e9 de 200 \u20ac<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde2\">Considera\u00e7\u00f5es Importantes<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>As Empresas podem <strong><span class=\"preto\">reduzir o Custo por Encomenda<\/span><\/strong> automatizando processos administrativos, negociando melhores condi\u00e7\u00f5es de transporte e otimizando fluxos de trabalho.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Se uma empresa realiza <strong><span class=\"preto\">v\u00e1rias encomendas pequenas<\/span><\/strong>, pode ser vantajoso <strong><span class=\"preto\">aumentar a quantidade encomendada por pedido<\/span><\/strong>, reduzindo a frequ\u00eancia das encomendas e minimizando o impacto dos custos fixos.<\/ul><\/ul>\n\n<h5 class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"castanho2\">C\u00e1lculo do Custo de Posse por Unidade e por Ano (H)<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>O <strong><span class=\"preto\">Custo de Posse de Invent\u00e1rio (H)<\/span><\/strong> representa os custos associados a manter uma unidade de produto em stock durante um ano. Esses custos <strong><span class=\"preto\">incluem armazenagem, capital imobilizado, obsolesc\u00eancia, seguros, e outros fatores que afetam o custo total de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o do invent\u00e1rio<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Componentes do Custo de Posse (H)<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Os principais fatores que contribuem para o custo de posse (<strong><span class=\"preto\">H<\/span><\/strong>) s\u00e3o:<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Custo de Capital Imobilizado (C<sub>C<\/sub>)<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Representa o <strong><span class=\"preto\">custo do dinheiro investido no stock<\/span><\/strong>, ou seja, a taxa de retorno que a empresa poderia obter caso o capital estivesse investido noutra \u00e1rea.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Depende da <strong><span class=\"preto\">taxa de juro anual<\/span><\/strong> ou do <strong><span class=\"preto\">custo de oportunidade<\/span><\/strong> da empresa.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"27\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table2\">\n  <tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><div style=\"margin-left: 0 px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/EOQ_03.png\" width=\"93\" height=\"17\" ><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul>Onde:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">P<\/span><\/strong> = Pre\u00e7o unit\u00e1rio do item<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">i<\/span><\/strong> = Taxa de juro anual (ou custo de oportunidade)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Custos de Armazenagem (C<sub>A<\/sub>)<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul>Inclui <strong><span class=\"preto\">renda do espa\u00e7o de armazenagem, custo de manuseamento, energia el\u00e9trica<\/span><\/strong> e outros custos associados \u00e0 manuten\u00e7\u00e3o do stock.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"50\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table2\">\n  <tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><div style=\"margin-left: 0 px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/EOQ_04.png\" width=\"409\" height=\"40\" ><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Custo de Obsolesc\u00eancia e Deteriora\u00e7\u00e3o (C<sub>O<\/sub>)<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul>Representa perdas associadas a:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Produtos perec\u00edveis <\/span><\/strong>(ex.: alimentos)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Obsolesc\u00eancia tecnol\u00f3gica <\/span><\/strong>(ex.: eletr\u00f3nica)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Produtos que perdem valor ao longo do tempo <\/span><\/strong>(ex.: moda)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"27\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table2\">\n  <tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><div style=\"margin-left: 0 px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/EOQ_05.png\" width=\"101\" height=\"17\" ><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul>Onde:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">O<\/span><\/strong> = Taxa anual estimada de obsolesc\u00eancia<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Custos de Seguro e Seguran\u00e7a (C<sub>S<\/sub>)<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul>Se a empresa paga seguro para cobrir perdas ou danos no stock, este valor deve ser inclu\u00eddo.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"50\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table2\">\n  <tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><div style=\"margin-left: 0 px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/EOQ_06.png\" width=\"408\" height=\"40\" ><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">F\u00f3rmula Geral para o C\u00e1lculo do Custo de Posse (H)<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"30\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table2\">\n  <tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><div style=\"margin-left: 0 px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/EOQ_07.png\" width=\"206\" height=\"17\" ><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul>Ou, substituindo as express\u00f5es:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"50\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table2\">\n  <tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><div style=\"margin-left: 0 px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/EOQ_08.png\" width=\"957\" height=\"40\" ><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"roxo\">Exemplos Pr\u00e1ticos<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Exemplo 1 \u2013 Loja de Componentes Eletr\u00f3nicos<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul>Uma loja vende microprocessadores com as seguintes caracter\u00edsticas:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"castanho1\">Pre\u00e7o unit\u00e1rio: <b>50<\/b> \u20ac<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"castanho1\">Taxa de juro anual (i): <b>8%<\/b><\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"castanho1\">Custo total de armazenagem anual: <b>2.000 \u20ac<\/b> (aluguer, eletricidade, manuseio)<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"castanho1\">Quantidade m\u00e9dia armazenada por ano: <b>1.000 unidades<\/b><\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"castanho1\">Taxa de obsolesc\u00eancia (O): <b>5%<\/b><\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"castanho1\">Custo total anual de seguro: <b>500 \u20ac<\/b><\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Custo de Capital Imobilizado:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" >C<sub>C<\/sub> = 50 \u00d7 0.08 = 4<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Custo de Armazenagem por unidade:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" >C<sub>A<\/sub> = 2.000 \/ 1.000 = 2<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Custo de Obsolesc\u00eancia:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" >C<sub>O<\/sub> = 50 \u00d7 0.05 = 2.5<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Custo de Seguro por unidade:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" >C<sub>S<\/sub> = 500 \/ 1.000 = 0.5<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Custo de Posse por unidade e por ano \u00e9 9 \u20ac.<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" size=\"4\">H = 4 + 2 + 2.5 + 0.5 = 9<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Exemplo 2 \u2013 Empresa de Retalho (Armaz\u00e9m de Eletrodom\u00e9sticos)<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul>Uma empresa vende <strong><span class=\"preto\">m\u00e1quinas de lavar roupa<\/span><\/strong> e mant\u00e9m um stock m\u00e9dio de <strong><span class=\"preto\">500 unidades<\/span><\/strong>. Os dados s\u00e3o:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"castanho3\">Pre\u00e7o unit\u00e1rio: 400 \u20ac<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"castanho3\">Taxa de juro anual: 10%<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"castanho3\">Custo de armazenagem anual: 50.000 \u20ac<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"castanho3\">Taxa de obsolesc\u00eancia: 3%<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"castanho3\">Custo anual de seguro: 10.000 \u20ac<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Custo de Capital Imobilizado:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" >C<sub>C<\/sub> = 400 \u00d7 0.10 = 40<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Custo de Armazenagem por unidade:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" >C<sub>A<\/sub> = 50.000 \/ 500 = 100<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Custo de Obsolesc\u00eancia:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" >C<sub>O<\/sub> = 400 \u00d7 0.03 = 12<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Custo de Seguro por unidade:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" >C<sub>S<\/sub> = 10.000 \/ 500 = 20<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Custo de Posse por unidade e por ano \u00e9 de 172 \u20ac.<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" size=\"4\">H = 40 + 100 + 12 + 20 = 172<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"azul3\">4.2. F\u00f3rmula de C\u00e1lculo da EOQ<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">A f\u00f3rmula geral de c\u00e1lculo \u00e9:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table2\">\n  <tr><td height=\"40\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><div style=\"margin-left: 0 px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/EOQ_09.png\" width=\"102\" height=\"35\" ><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<br class=\"\">\n<ul><ul><ul>Onde:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">D<\/span><\/strong> = Consumo anual do produto<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">S<\/span><\/strong> = Custo por encomenda (setup cost)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">H<\/span><\/strong> = Custo de posse por unidade e por ano<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>Esta equa\u00e7\u00e3o deriva da minimiza\u00e7\u00e3o da soma dos custos de encomenda e dos custos de posse.<\/ul>\n\n<h5 class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"castanho2\">Conclus\u00f5es<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Quanto maior for o custo de posse, menor dever\u00e1 ser a quantidade encomendada por pedido<\/span><\/strong>, para evitar excesso de invent\u00e1rio.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Empresas de produtos perec\u00edveis ou tecnol\u00f3gicos <\/span><\/strong>tendem a ter custos de posse elevados devido \u00e0 obsolesc\u00eancia.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Otimizar o espa\u00e7o de armazenagem e reduzir os custos de capital <\/span><\/strong>pode baixar o custo de posse.<\/ul>\n<p class=\"voltar\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#104\"><span class=\"azul1\"><u>Voltar<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"sec105\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"laranja\">5. Dificuldades de C\u00e1lculo da EOQ nas PME Industriais<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>A <strong><span class=\"preto\">EOQ (Economic Order Quantity)<\/span><\/strong> \u00e9 um modelo fundamental para a gest\u00e3o eficiente de invent\u00e1rio, mas a <strong><span class=\"preto\">realidade da maioria das PME industriais transformadoras<\/span><\/strong> revela uma grande dificuldade em calcular corretamente os seus par\u00e2metros. Muitos gestores n\u00e3o t\u00eam acesso a dados fi\u00e1veis, n\u00e3o compreendem o impacto dos custos indiretos e baseiam as suas decis\u00f5es apenas na intui\u00e7\u00e3o ou em h\u00e1bitos adquiridos ao longo do tempo.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"preto\">Principais dificuldades no c\u00e1lculo dos par\u00e2metros da EOQ<\/span><\/strong> e <strong><span class=\"preto\">estrat\u00e9gias pr\u00e1ticas para ultrapass\u00e1-las<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Dificuldades no C\u00e1lculo da Procura Anual (D)<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Problemas Comuns<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Falta de registos organizados<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Muitas PME n\u00e3o possuem um sistema de gest\u00e3o eficaz e registam as vendas manualmente ou em ficheiros dispersos.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Varia\u00e7\u00e3o da procura<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>A procura de muitos produtos \u00e9 sazonal ou depende de fatores externos imprevis\u00edveis.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Desconhecimento de tend\u00eancias<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Muitos gestores n\u00e3o analisam dados hist\u00f3ricos e assumem que as vendas futuras seguir\u00e3o os padr\u00f5es do passado.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Como Ultrapassar<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Implementar um ERP ou um sistema de registo estruturado <\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Softwares de gest\u00e3o, como um <strong><span class=\"preto\">ERP industrial<\/span><\/strong>, ajudam a consolidar dados hist\u00f3ricos e prever tend\u00eancias.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Analisar os \u00faltimos 12 meses de vendas<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Mesmo sem um sistema sofisticado, pode-se come\u00e7ar por calcular a m\u00e9dia de vendas mensais e projetar para o ano.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Utilizar ferramentas simples como Excel ou Python <\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Criar um registo de vendas estruturado permite calcular <strong><span class=\"preto\">D<\/span><\/strong> facilmente.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"roxo\">Exemplo<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul>Uma PME que fabrica pe\u00e7as met\u00e1licas pode come\u00e7ar por analisar a quantidade vendida nos <strong><span class=\"preto\">\u00faltimos 12 meses<\/span><\/strong> e <strong><span class=\"preto\">identificar padr\u00f5es sazonais<\/span><\/strong> antes de calcular a procura anual.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Dificuldades no C\u00e1lculo do Custo por Encomenda (S)<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Problemas Comuns<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Desconhecimento dos custos administrativos<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>O tempo dos funcion\u00e1rios, os processos burocr\u00e1ticos e os custos de emiss\u00e3o de encomendas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o contabilizados.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Ignorar custos de rece\u00e7\u00e3o e inspe\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Muitas PME n\u00e3o consideram o tempo e os recursos gastos na verifica\u00e7\u00e3o da encomenda.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Desconhecimento dos custos fixos de transporte<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Empresas frequentemente subestimam os custos m\u00ednimos de envio e frete.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Como Ultrapassar<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Mapear o processo de encomenda <\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Identificar todas as etapas envolvidas (tempo de processamento, verifica\u00e7\u00e3o e armazenamento).<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Atribuir custos realistas <\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Registar quanto tempo cada tarefa leva e calcular o custo por hora dos funcion\u00e1rios envolvidos.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Consultar fornecedores sobre taxas m\u00ednimas de transporte <\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Muitas PME desconhecem os custos reais associados a cada encomenda.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"roxo\">Exemplo<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"preto\">Uma PME metalomec\u00e2nica descobre que cada encomenda exige <b>1 hora do gestor de compras (\u20ac15\/h)<\/b>, <b>30 minutos do armaz\u00e9m (\u20ac10\/h)<\/b>, e uma <b>taxa m\u00ednima de transporte de 30 \u20ac<\/b>. Assim, o <b>custo por encomenda (S)<\/b> ser\u00e1:<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" size=\"4\">S = (1 \u00d7 15) + (0.5 \u00d7 10) + 30 = 50<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Dificuldades no C\u00e1lculo do Custo de Posse (H)<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Problemas Comuns<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Gestores n\u00e3o incluem todos os custos de posse<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Armazenagem, capital imobilizado, obsolesc\u00eancia e seguro s\u00e3o frequentemente ignorados.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Subestima\u00e7\u00e3o do custo de capital<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Muitas PME assumem que o custo de manter stock \u00e9 irrelevante, sem considerar que o dinheiro poderia ser investido noutras \u00e1reas.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Desconhecimento do impacto da obsolesc\u00eancia e deteriora\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Empresas com produtos de ciclo de vida curto ou vulner\u00e1veis a danos n\u00e3o calculam corretamente as perdas anuais.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Como Ultrapassar<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Incluir todos os elementos do custo de posse <\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Armaz\u00e9m, custo do dinheiro investido, obsolesc\u00eancia e seguros.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Calcular a taxa de custo de capital <\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Considerar a taxa de juro banc\u00e1ria ou o retorno esperado sobre o investimento.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Monitorizar obsolesc\u00eancia e deteriora\u00e7\u00e3o <\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Criar um hist\u00f3rico de perdas para estimar a taxa anual de produtos n\u00e3o vendidos ou danificados.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"roxo\">Exemplo<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul>Uma PME de pl\u00e1sticos industriais descobre que:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"azul2\">O pre\u00e7o unit\u00e1rio de um componente \u00e9 <b>20 \u20ac<\/b>.<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"azul2\">A taxa de juro anual \u00e9 <b>7%<\/b>.<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" size=\"4\">C<sub>C<\/sub> = 20 \u00d7 0.07 = 1.4<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"azul2\">O custo de armazenagem anual \u00e9 de <b>10.000 \u20ac<\/b> para <b>5.000 unidades<\/b> <\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" size=\"4\">C<sub>A<\/sub> = 10.000 \/ 5.000 = 2<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"azul2\">A taxa de obsolesc\u00eancia \u00e9 de <b>5%<\/b> <\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" size=\"4\">C<sub>O<\/sub> = 20 \u00d7 0.05 = 1<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"azul2\">O custo anual do seguro \u00e9 <b>2.000 \u20ac<\/b><\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" size=\"4\">C<sub>S<\/sub> = 2.000 \/ 5.000 = 0.4<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"azul2\">O <b>custo de posse por unidade<\/b> e por ano \u00e9 <b>4,80 \u20ac<\/b>.<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" size=\"4\">H = 1.4 + 2 + 1 + 0.4 = 4.8<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Dificuldades Gerais na Implementa\u00e7\u00e3o da EOQ nas PME<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Mesmo ap\u00f3s calcular <strong><span class=\"preto\">D<\/span><\/strong>, <strong><span class=\"preto\">S<\/span><\/strong> e <strong><span class=\"preto\">H<\/span><\/strong>, muitas PME enfrentam dificuldades na aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da <strong><span class=\"preto\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Problemas Comuns<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 mudan\u00e7a <\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Os gestores est\u00e3o habituados a encomendar de forma intuitiva.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Falta de cultura anal\u00edtica <\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Muitas PME n\u00e3o utilizam ferramentas de an\u00e1lise de dados.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Desafios na integra\u00e7\u00e3o com fornecedores <\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Algumas empresas enfrentam dificuldades em ajustar os volumes de encomenda devido a quantidades m\u00ednimas impostas pelos fornecedores.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Como Ultrapassar<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Demonstrar os benef\u00edcios financeiros da EOQ <\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Apresentar os c\u00e1lculos aos decisores para mostrar a redu\u00e7\u00e3o de custos.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Utilizar ferramentas acess\u00edveis <\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Folhas Excel e ERP\u2019s podem ajudar a automatizar o c\u00e1lculo e a sugerir volumes de encomenda.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Negociar com fornecedores <\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Mostrar os ganhos em efici\u00eancia pode permitir ajustes nos volumes m\u00ednimos exigidos.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"roxo\">Exemplo<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul>Uma PME que compra mat\u00e9ria-prima de forma irregular e em grandes lotes calcula a sua <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> e percebe que pode reduzir custos mantendo um stock menor. <span class=\"preto\">Ap\u00f3s implementar a metodologia, consegue <b>reduzir os custos anuais de armazenagem em 15%<\/b>, o que <b>melhora a sua liquidez<\/b>.<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Conclus\u00f5es<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"preto\">A dificuldade das PME industriais transformadoras em calcular corretamente os par\u00e2metros da <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> \u00e9 uma realidade preocupante, mas super\u00e1vel com <b>processos estruturados<\/b>, <b>ferramentas adequadas<\/b> e <b>mudan\u00e7a de mentalidade<\/b>.<\/span><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"azul1\">A falta de dados pode ser resolvida com um ERP ou um registo disciplinado das vendas e custos.<\/span><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"azul1\">Os custos ocultos da encomenda e da posse do invent\u00e1rio devem ser identificados e quantificados corretamente.<\/span><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"azul1\">O uso da <b>EOQ<\/b> pode representar uma vantagem competitiva ao reduzir custos e melhorar a efici\u00eancia do capital investido.<\/span><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"preto\">Se os gestores adotarem uma abordagem mais anal\u00edtica e estruturada, a gest\u00e3o de invent\u00e1rio pode ser transformada numa \u00e1rea de efici\u00eancia e poupan\u00e7a real para a empresa.<\/span><\/ul><\/ul>\n<p class=\"voltar\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#105\"><span class=\"azul1\"><u>Voltar<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"sec106\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"laranja\">6. Observa\u00e7\u00f5es Importantes<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"verde1\">6.1. Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o Pr\u00e1tica da EOQ em Ambientes de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Lean<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>V\u00e1rias PME j\u00e1 adotam <strong><span class=\"preto\">Pr\u00e1ticas Lean Manufacturing<\/span><\/strong>, onde se procura minimizar os n\u00edveis de stock. A <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> pode parecer contradit\u00f3ria, mas <strong><span class=\"preto\">\u00e9 compat\u00edvel com estrat\u00e9gias como Just-in-Time (JIT)<\/span><\/strong>, desde que os fornecedores tenham lead times curtos e fi\u00e1veis.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Sugest\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Integrar a <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> com um sistema <strong><span class=\"preto\">Kanban<\/span><\/strong> para reabastecimento autom\u00e1tico de mat\u00e9rias-primas.<\/ul><\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"verde1\">6.2. Ajustes na EOQ para Empresas com M\u00faltiplos Produtos<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>Se uma PME trabalha com <strong><span class=\"preto\">v\u00e1rios produtos em simult\u00e2neo<\/span><\/strong>, a <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> deve ser ajustada para considerar <strong><span class=\"preto\">capacidade de armazenamento, capital dispon\u00edvel e sincroniza\u00e7\u00e3o com a produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"roxo\">Exemplo<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Uma empresa de metalomec\u00e2nica que fabrica diferentes componentes pode calcular a <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> para cada um, mas ajust\u00e1-la consoante a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de mat\u00e9ria-prima comum.<\/ul><\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"verde1\">6.3. Integra\u00e7\u00e3o da EOQ com o Planeamento de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>A <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> <strong><span class=\"preto\">n\u00e3o deve ser vista isoladamente<\/span><\/strong>, mas sim integrada no <strong><span class=\"preto\">MRP<\/span><\/strong> (Material Requirements Planning) e na estrat\u00e9gia de <strong><span class=\"preto\">Planeamento e Controlo da Produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Sugest\u00e3o Pr\u00e1tica<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Utilizar os c\u00e1lculos da <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> para ajustar o <strong><span class=\"preto\">reabastecimento de mat\u00e9rias-primas e componentes<\/span><\/strong>, evitando tanto excesso de stock como falta de materiais.<\/ul><\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"verde1\">6.4. Sensibilidade \u00e0 Variabilidade da Procura e Lead Time<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>O <strong><span class=\"azul1\">modelo EOQ<\/span><\/strong> cl\u00e1ssico assume uma procura constante, mas na pr\u00e1tica as <strong><span class=\"preto\">PME enfrentam flutua\u00e7\u00f5es de mercado e atrasos nos fornecedores<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Incorporar um <strong><span class=\"preto\">stock de seguran\u00e7a<\/span><\/strong> para o c\u00e1lculo da <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> para absorver varia\u00e7\u00f5es inesperadas.<\/ul><\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"verde1\">6.5. EOQ com Restri\u00e7\u00f5es Financeiras<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>Muitas PME t\u00eam <strong><span class=\"preto\">limita\u00e7\u00f5es de liquidez<\/span><\/strong> e n\u00e3o podem simplesmente seguir o resultado da <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> sem <strong><span class=\"preto\">avaliar o impacto no fluxo de caixa<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Alternativa<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Implementar um modelo de EOQ ajustada ao capital dispon\u00edvel, equilibrando custo de posse vs. custo de capital.<\/ul><\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"verde1\">6.6. Ferramentas Digitais para Automatizar o C\u00e1lculo da EOQ<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>Hoje existem <strong><span class=\"preto\">ferramentas simples<\/span><\/strong> (como Excel ou Python) e <strong><span class=\"preto\">ERP industriais<\/span><\/strong> como ProboolIM\u00ae que podem calcular a <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> automaticamente.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Sugest\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Criar um <strong><span class=\"preto\">dashboard de gest\u00e3o de invent\u00e1rio<\/span><\/strong> onde os c\u00e1lculos de <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> s\u00e3o feitos regularmente e revistos em fun\u00e7\u00e3o dos dados reais.<\/ul><\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"verde1\">6.7. Conclus\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>A <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas uma f\u00f3rmula matem\u00e1tica, mas sim uma <strong><span class=\"preto\">ferramenta estrat\u00e9gica<\/span><\/strong> para melhorar a gest\u00e3o de invent\u00e1rio e reduzir custos nas PME industriais transformadoras. <span class=\"preto\">Integr\u00e1-la com <b>pr\u00e1ticas Lean<\/b>, <b>Planeamento de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b> e <b>An\u00e1lise Financeira<\/b> pode transformar a forma como estas empresas gerem os seus stocks e capital.<\/span><\/ul>\n<p class=\"voltar\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#106\"><span class=\"azul1\"><u>Voltar<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"sec107\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"laranja\">7. O Servi\u00e7o de Compras no Contexto da EOQ<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>O servi\u00e7o de compras desempenha um <strong><span class=\"preto\">papel fundamental<\/span><\/strong> na gest\u00e3o eficiente do stock e deve alinhar-se com a <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> (Economic Order Quantity) para <strong><span class=\"preto\">otimizar custos<\/span><\/strong> e <strong><span class=\"preto\">evitar ruturas ou excesso de invent\u00e1rio<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de Oportunidades para Aplicar a EOQ<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">Sempre que um artigo atinge a quantidade cr\u00edtica, o servi\u00e7o de compras deve:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"preto\">Verificar se a<\/span><\/strong> <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> deve ser utilizada para definir a quantidade ideal a encomendar.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"preto\">Analisar restri\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras<\/span><\/strong> que podem comprometer a quantidade a comprar.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"preto\">Considerar descontos por quantidade<\/span><\/strong> e <strong><span class=\"preto\">custos log\u00edsticos<\/span><\/strong> na decis\u00e3o de compra.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"roxo\">Exemplo<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"preto\">Se a <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> para um tipo material for <b>2.000 kg<\/b>, mas a quantidade cr\u00edtica indicar uma necessidade imediata de apenas <b>1.500 kg<\/b>, o servi\u00e7o de compras pode optar por antecipar uma encomenda maior (se houver espa\u00e7o de armazenagem e fluxo de caixa dispon\u00edvel)<\/span>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">A EOQ cl\u00e1ssica e procura vari\u00e1vel. <\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">O servi\u00e7o de compras deve:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"preto\">Monitorizar e atualizar os par\u00e2metros da<\/span><\/strong> <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> conforme mudan\u00e7as na procura ou lead times.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"preto\">Utilizar dados hist\u00f3ricos e previs\u00f5es<\/span><\/strong> para ajustar a <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> dinamicamente.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"preto\">Coordenar com a produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong> para evitar compras excessivas de mat\u00e9rias-primas de baixa rota\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"roxo\">Exemplo<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul>Se o <strong><span class=\"preto\">lead time<\/span><\/strong> de um fornecedor aumentar de <strong><span class=\"preto\">2<\/span><\/strong> para <strong><span class=\"preto\">4<\/span><\/strong> semanas, a <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> pode precisar de ser ajustada para evitar ruturas.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Integra\u00e7\u00e3o com o Planeamento da Produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">O servi\u00e7o de compras deve trabalhar em conjunto com a produ\u00e7\u00e3o e a gest\u00e3o de armaz\u00e9ns para garantir que:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>As encomendas <strong><span class=\"preto\">s\u00e3o feitas a tempo e na quantidade certa<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"preto\">N\u00e3o h\u00e1 desperd\u00edcio de espa\u00e7o no armaz\u00e9m<\/span><\/strong> devido a stocks excessivos.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Os <strong><span class=\"preto\">fornecedores cumprem prazos e condi\u00e7\u00f5es negociadas<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">Sugest\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul>Implementar um <strong><span class=\"preto\">dashboard<\/span><\/strong> de gest\u00e3o de compras que mostre em tempo real:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>O stock dispon\u00edvel.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>As quantidades encomendadas e os respetivos prazos de entrega.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>As necessidades futuras, ajustadas ao planeamento da produ\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Gest\u00e3o de Fornecedores e Negocia\u00e7\u00e3o <\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">Para alinhar a EOQ com a realidade operacional, o servi\u00e7o de compras deve:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Negociar <strong><span class=\"preto\">menores custos de encomenda (S)<\/span><\/strong> para reduzir a <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Estabelecer <strong><span class=\"preto\">contratos de fornecimento flex\u00edveis<\/span><\/strong> para evitar compras excessivas.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Avaliar a <strong><span class=\"preto\">fiabilidade dos fornecedores<\/span><\/strong> e procurar <strong><span class=\"preto\">reduzir lead times<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"roxo\">Exemplo<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul>Se um fornecedor oferece <strong><span class=\"preto\">descontos para compras acima de 5.000 unidades, pode ser mais vantajoso<\/span><\/strong>:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"preto\">Aumentar a frequ\u00eancia<\/span><\/strong> das encomendas (se o custo de posse for baixo).<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"preto\">Reduzir a quantidade<\/span><\/strong> por encomenda se os custos administrativos (S) puderem ser minimizados.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Adapta\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s Restri\u00e7\u00f5es Financeiras<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">O servi\u00e7o de compras deve considerar:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>O <strong><span class=\"preto\">fluxo de caixa dispon\u00edvel<\/span><\/strong> para evitar compras que comprometam a tesouraria.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>A <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> <strong><span class=\"preto\">ajustada ao or\u00e7amento<\/span><\/strong>, garantindo que as encomendas n\u00e3o geram problemas financeiros.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"roxo\">Exemplo<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul>Se a <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> de um artigo for <strong><span class=\"preto\">10.000 \u20ac por encomenda<\/span><\/strong>, mas o or\u00e7amento mensal s\u00f3 permite compras de <strong><span class=\"preto\">5.000 \u20ac<\/span><\/strong>, pode ser necess\u00e1rio fazer compras mais frequentes em menores quantidades.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Conclus\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>O servi\u00e7o de compras <strong><span class=\"preto\">deve atuar estrategicamente<\/span><\/strong>, combinando <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong>, <strong><span class=\"preto\">quantidade cr\u00edtica e planeamento da produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong> para <strong><span class=\"preto\">otimizar os stocks e os custos<\/span><\/strong>. As principais a\u00e7\u00f5es incluem:<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">Monitorizar continuamente a quantidade cr\u00edtica <\/span><\/strong>e agir rapidamente para evitar ruturas.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">Utilizar a EOQ sempre que poss\u00edvel<\/span><\/strong>, ajustando-a conforme lead times e procura.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">Colaborar com a produ\u00e7\u00e3o <\/span><\/strong>para alinhar compras com necessidades reais.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">Negociar melhor com fornecedores <\/span><\/strong>para reduzir custos de encomenda e lead times.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">Garantir que a EOQ se ajusta ao fluxo de caixa dispon\u00edvel<\/span><\/strong>, sem comprometer a liquidez da empresa.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<p class=\"voltar\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#107\"><span class=\"azul1\"><u>Voltar<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"sec108\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"laranja\">8. Quantidade Cr\u00edtica<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"preto\">Quantidade Cr\u00edtica<\/span><\/strong> entendida como <strong><span class=\"preto\">Quantidade M\u00ednima Necess\u00e1ria<\/span><\/strong> para satisfazer compromissos de produ\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde2\">F\u00f3rmula de c\u00e1lculo com lead times normais (curtos):<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" size=\"4\">Qtd. Cr\u00edtica = (NT + Stock de Seguran\u00e7a) \u2212 (Stock F\u00edsico Atual + EP)<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde2\">F\u00f3rmula de c\u00e1lculo com lead times longos:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" size=\"4\">Qtd. Cr\u00edtica = (NTH + Stock de Seguran\u00e7a) \u2212 (Stock F\u00edsico Atual + EP)<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">NT <\/span><\/strong>\u2013 Necessidades Totais \u00e0 Data<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">NHT <\/span><\/strong>\u2013 Necessidades Totais num Horizonte Temporal <\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"preto\">EP <\/span><\/strong>\u2013 Total das encomendas feitas a fornecedores e pendentes de entrega<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Crit\u00e9rio de An\u00e1lise:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Se <strong><span class=\"preto\">Qtd. Cr\u00edtica > 0<\/span><\/strong>, indica a quantidade m\u00ednima que deve ser encomendada.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Se <strong><span class=\"preto\">Qtd. Cr\u00edtica = 0<\/span><\/strong>, significa que o stock dispon\u00edvel (incluindo encomendas pendentes) \u00e9 suficiente.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Se <strong><span class=\"preto\">Qtd. Cr\u00edtica < 0<\/span><\/strong>, significa que n\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio reabastecer no momento.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde2\">An\u00e1lise do C\u00e1lculo<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">As Necessidades Totais \u00e0 Data (NT) s\u00e3o fundamentais <\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Para evitar rutura de stock, o c\u00e1lculo precisa <strong><span class=\"preto\">considerar as necessidades planeadas<\/span><\/strong>, com base nas <strong><span class=\"preto\">ordens de produ\u00e7\u00e3o abertas<\/span><\/strong>, <strong><span class=\"preto\">encomendas de clientes<\/span><\/strong> e <strong><span class=\"preto\">previs\u00f5es de consumo<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">As Necessidades Totais (NHT)<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Com lead times longos as <strong><span class=\"preto\">necessidades planeadas<\/span><\/strong> devem ter em conta o tempo de reposi\u00e7\u00e3o do stock (considerando lead times m\u00e9dios dos fornecedores e tempos internos de processamento)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">O Stock de Seguran\u00e7a deve ser inclu\u00eddo<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Garante que <strong><span class=\"preto\">varia\u00e7\u00f5es na procura ou atrasos dos fornecedores<\/span><\/strong> n\u00e3o t\u00eam impacto negativamente na produ\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Faz sentido considerar a Stock F\u00edsico Atual e as Encomendas em Tr\u00e2nsito<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Estes valores refletem a <strong><span class=\"preto\">disponibilidade real<\/span><\/strong> do stock num determinado momento.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>As quantidades encomendadas ainda n\u00e3o recebidas devem ser inclu\u00eddas, desde que os <strong><span class=\"preto\">prazos de entrega sejam confi\u00e1veis<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"roxo\">Exemplo<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul>Uma empresa de placas sandwich telhado utiliza um determinado material. Deve ou n\u00e3o fazer reposi\u00e7\u00e3o de stock nas seguintes condi\u00e7\u00f5es?<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Exist\u00eancia F\u00edsica Atual <\/span><\/strong>= 300 kg<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Encomendas pendentes <\/span><\/strong>= 1.000 kg (chega em 2 semanas)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Necessidades Totais nas pr\u00f3ximas 3 semanas <\/span><\/strong>= 1.200 kg<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Stock de Seguran\u00e7a <\/span><\/strong>= 200 kg<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">An\u00e1lise da situa\u00e7\u00e3o pela aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da f\u00f3rmula da Qtd. Cr\u00edtica<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" size=\"4\">Qtd. Cr\u00edtica = (1.200 + 200) \u2212 (300 + 1.000) = 100 kg<\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<br class=\"\">\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"verde1\">Conclus\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><span class=\"preto\"><b>\u00c9 necess\u00e1rio reabastecer no momento<\/b> sendo a quantidade m\u00ednima necess\u00e1ria de 100 Kg para satisfazer todos os compromissos.<\/span><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<p class=\"voltar\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#108\"><span class=\"azul1\"><u>Voltar<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"sec109\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"laranja\">9. Exemplo Pr\u00e1tico Detalhado<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">9.1. Dados do Situa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>Relativamente a um determinado tipo de chapa em armaz\u00e9m de uma empresa metalomec\u00e2nica temos os seguintes dados. <\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Exist\u00eancia F\u00edsica Atual <\/span><\/strong>= 3.000 kg<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Encomendas pendentes <\/span><\/strong>= 5.000 kg (chega em 2 semanas)<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Necessidades Totais nas pr\u00f3ximas 3 semanas <\/span><\/strong>= 7.500 kg<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Stock de Seguran\u00e7a <\/span><\/strong>= 2.000 kg<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Procura Anual (D) <\/span><\/strong>= 24.000 Kg<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Custo por Encomenda (S) <\/span><\/strong>= 50 \u20ac<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Custo de Posse por Unidade (H) <\/span><\/strong>= 2 \u20ac<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Pre\u00e7o Unit\u00e1rio (P) <\/span><\/strong>5 \u20ac<\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">9.2. Perguntas e Respostas<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Qual a situa\u00e7\u00e3o atual do seu stock?<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Resposta<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">C\u00e1lculos<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Aplicando a f\u00f3rmula para c\u00e1lculo da Quantidade Critica (Quantidade m\u00ednima a encomendar)<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"40\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <tr>\n    <td width=\"40%\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\"><font color=\"black\" size=\"4\">Qtd. Cr\u00edtica = (7.500 + 2.000) \u2013 (3.000 + 5000) = <b>1.500<\/b><\/font><\/td>\n  <\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Conclus\u00e3o:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing04\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-circle-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">H\u00e1 necessidade de aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o de 1500 Kg <\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Qual a EOQ (quantidade econ\u00f3mica a encomendar?<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Resposta<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">C\u00e1lculos<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Aplicando a f\u00f3rmula para c\u00e1lculo da EOQ<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"50\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table2\">\n  <tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><div style=\"margin-left: 0 px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/EOQ_12.png\" width=\"289\" height=\"40\" ><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Conclus\u00e3o:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing04\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-circle-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">Quantidade Econ\u00f3mica para Encomenda \u00e9 de 1095,45 Kg<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Qual o n\u00famero de encomendas por ano?<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Resposta<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">C\u00e1lculos<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"55\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table2\">\n  <tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><div style=\"margin-left: 0 px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/EOQ_13.png\" width=\"471\" height=\"45\" ><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Conclus\u00e3o:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing04\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-circle-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">Previstas 22 encomendas por ano<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Qual o tempo m\u00e9dio entre encomendas?<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Resposta<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">C\u00e1lculos<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"52\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table2\">\n  <tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><div style=\"margin-left: 0 px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/EOQ_14.png\" width=\"572\" height=\"42\" ><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Conclus\u00e3o:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing04\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-circle-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">O tempo m\u00e9dio previsto entre encomendas \u00e9 de 16,66 dias<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">Qual o Custo Total Anual da Gest\u00e3o de Stock?<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Resposta<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">C\u00e1lculos<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"55\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table2\">\n  <tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><div style=\"margin-left: 0 px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/EOQ_15.png\" width=\"481\" height=\"45\" ><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul>Ou seja:<\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\" height=\"58\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"table2\">\n  <tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><div style=\"margin-left: 0 px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/EOQ_16.png\" width=\"513\" height=\"48\" ><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing03\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-square-o\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul2\">Conclus\u00e3o:<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><ul><ul><span class=\"wing04\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-circle-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">O Custo Total Anual da Gest\u00e3o deste Stock \u00e9 de 2.190,89 Euros<\/span><\/strong><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"castanho1\">9.3. Como deve reagir o Servi\u00e7o de Compras?<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span>Estando a empresa em <strong><span class=\"preto\">rutura iminente de stock<\/span><\/strong>, o servi\u00e7o de compras deve agir rapidamente:<\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">A\u00e7\u00e3o 1: Contactar Fornecedores Imediatamente<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Verificar <strong><span class=\"azul3\">se a encomenda pendente pode ser antecipada<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Negociar <strong><span class=\"azul3\">entregas parciais <\/span><\/strong>para receber pelo menos parte do material.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Procurar <strong><span class=\"azul3\">fornecedores alternativos <\/span><\/strong>para suprir a necessidade tempor\u00e1ria.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">A\u00e7\u00e3o 2: Ajustar a Estrat\u00e9gia de Compras<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Se a <strong><span class=\"azul1\">EOQ<\/span><\/strong> indicar que <strong><span class=\"azul3\">1.095 kg \u00e9 a quantidade \u00f3tima<\/span><\/strong>, pode ser necess\u00e1rio <strong><span class=\"azul3\">fazer um pedido de urg\u00eancia, superior<\/span><\/strong>, para evitar novas ruturas.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"roxo\">Exemplo<\/span><\/strong>: em vez de comprar apenas <strong><span class=\"azul3\">1.095 kg<\/span><\/strong>, fazer um pedido de <strong><span class=\"azul3\">2.500 kg<\/span><\/strong> para repor rapidamente o stock.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">A\u00e7\u00e3o 3: Rever o Stock de Seguran\u00e7a<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Se as <strong><span class=\"azul3\">ruturas forem recorrentes<\/span><\/strong>, o stock de seguran\u00e7a pode estar <strong><span class=\"azul3\">subestimado<\/span><\/strong>.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul3\">Ajustar o stock de seguran\u00e7a <\/span><\/strong>para evitar falhas futuras.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"wing01\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\" ><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"azul4\">A\u00e7\u00e3o 4: Melhorar o Planeamento da Produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/ul>\n<ul><ul><span class=\"wing02\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"padleft\"><\/span>Se a necessidade de <strong><span class=\"azul3\">7.500 kg for superior ao esperado<\/span><\/strong>, avaliar se houve <strong><span class=\"azul3\">varia\u00e7\u00f5es na produ\u00e7\u00e3o <\/span><\/strong>que n\u00e3o foram comunicadas ao servi\u00e7o de compras.<\/ul><\/ul>\n<p class=\"voltar\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#109\"><span class=\"azul1\"><u>Voltar<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"sec110\" class=\"MsoNormal\"><em><strong><span class=\"laranja\">10. A Gest\u00e3o de Compras &#8211; Pilar da Efici\u00eancia Operacional<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span><span class=\"azul4\">A correta gest\u00e3o de compras e invent\u00e1rio \u00e9 um dos b>principais pilares da efici\u00eancia operacional<\/span> numa PME industrial transformadora.<\/span><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span><span class=\"azul4\">A aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de metodologias como a <strong><span class=\"azul1\">Quantidade Econ\u00f3mica de Encomenda (EOQ)<\/span><\/strong> e a defini\u00e7\u00e3o de <b>par\u00e2metros cr\u00edticos de reabastecimento<\/b> n\u00e3o s\u00e3o apenas exerc\u00edcios te\u00f3ricos \u2013 s\u00e3o ferramentas que <b>reduzem custos<\/b>, <b>evitam desperd\u00edcios<\/b> e <b>garantem a continuidade da produ\u00e7\u00e3o sem interrup\u00e7\u00f5es desnecess\u00e1rias<\/b>.<\/span><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span><span class=\"azul4\">Os exemplos apresentados demonstram que a <b>falta de um sistema estruturado de gest\u00e3o de stock<\/b> pode levar a decis\u00f5es reativas, que resultam em <b>excesso de invent\u00e1rio ou ruturas frequentes<\/b>. No entanto, <b>com um planeamento adequado, alinhado entre a produ\u00e7\u00e3o e o servi\u00e7o de compras<\/b>, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel otimizar a cadeia de abastecimento, garantindo que os <b>materiais certos chegam no momento certo<\/b>, <b>na quantidade ideal<\/b> e ao <b>menor custo poss\u00edvel<\/b>.<\/span><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span><span class=\"azul4\">Al\u00e9m disso, a capacidade de antecipar necessidades atrav\u00e9s do c\u00e1lculo da <b>Quantidade Cr\u00edtica<\/b> permite que <b>as PME deixem de viver em estado de urg\u00eancia constante<\/b>, ganhando previsibilidade e efici\u00eancia. A introdu\u00e7\u00e3o de <b>ferramentas digitais<\/b>, <b>como dashboards de monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o de invent\u00e1rio<\/b>, pode ajudar a <b>automatizar processos<\/b>, reduzindo a depend\u00eancia de decis\u00f5es intuitivas.<\/span><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span><span class=\"azul4\">Mais do que uma quest\u00e3o de n\u00fameros, a <b>gest\u00e3o eficaz de compras e invent\u00e1rio \u00e9 um diferencial competitivo<\/b>. As empresas que adotam uma abordagem estrat\u00e9gica para os seus aprovisionamentos n\u00e3o apenas minimizam desperd\u00edcios e custos ocultos, mas tamb\u00e9m <b>aumentam a sua resili\u00eancia e capacidade de resposta ao mercado<\/b>.<\/span><\/ul>\n<ul><span class=\"MsoNormal2\"><\/span><span class=\"azul4\">O desafio agora n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas compreender estes conceitos, mas <b>coloc\u00e1-los em pr\u00e1tica<\/b>. As PME que souberem transformar a sua gest\u00e3o de compras num <b>processo eficiente<\/b>, <b>estruturado<\/b> e <b>baseado em dados fi\u00e1veis<\/b> estar\u00e3o mais bem preparadas para enfrentar os desafios da ind\u00fastria e prosperar num mercado cada vez mais competitivo. <\/span><\/ul>\n<p class=\"voltar\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#indice\"><span class=\"azul1\"><u>Voltar<\/u><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uma boa gest\u00e3o de compras n\u00e3o \u00e9 um custo, \u00e9 um investimento que define o sucesso da produ\u00e7\u00e3o.<br \/>\nA diferen\u00e7a entre uma empresa que prospera e uma que luta para sobreviver est\u00e1 na forma como gere os seus stocks.<br \/>\nReduzir desperd\u00edcios come\u00e7a na intelig\u00eancia das compras \u2013 comprar o necess\u00e1rio, no momento certo e ao melhor custo.<br \/>\nOs n\u00fameros n\u00e3o mentem: aplicar a \u201cEOQ\u201d e monitorizar o stock de seguran\u00e7a significa menos custos e mais efici\u00eancia.<br \/>\nAs PME que deixam as compras ao acaso s\u00e3o ref\u00e9ns das emerg\u00eancias \u2013 as que planeiam antecipam e controlam o seu futuro.<br \/>\nA rutura de stock e o excesso de invent\u00e1rio s\u00e3o dois lados do mesmo problema \u2013 a falta de gest\u00e3o estrat\u00e9gica.<br \/>\nNa ind\u00fastria, quem domina a gest\u00e3o de compras domina os custos, o tempo de resposta e a sustentabilidade do neg\u00f3cio.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1667,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[380],"tags":[141,142,139,140],"class_list":["post-1639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-planeamento-e-controlo-de-producao","tag-economica","tag-encomenda","tag-eoq","tag-quantidade"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.probool.com\/?p=1639\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Uma boa gest\u00e3o de compras n\u00e3o \u00e9 um custo, \u00e9 um investimento que define o sucesso da produ\u00e7\u00e3o. A diferen\u00e7a entre uma empresa que prospera e uma que luta para sobreviver est\u00e1 na forma como gere os seus stocks. Reduzir desperd\u00edcios come\u00e7a na intelig\u00eancia das compras \u2013 comprar o necess\u00e1rio, no momento certo e ao melhor custo. Os n\u00fameros n\u00e3o mentem: aplicar a \u201cEOQ\u201d e monitorizar o stock de seguran\u00e7a significa menos custos e mais efici\u00eancia. As PME que deixam as compras ao acaso s\u00e3o ref\u00e9ns das emerg\u00eancias \u2013 as que planeiam antecipam e controlam o seu futuro. A rutura de stock e o excesso de invent\u00e1rio s\u00e3o dois lados do mesmo problema \u2013 a falta de gest\u00e3o estrat\u00e9gica. 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